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  • 1.
    Adler, Jeremy
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Parmryd, Ingela
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    Colocalization Analysis in Fluorescence Microscopy2012In: Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols / [ed] Taatjes, Douglas J. & Roth, Jürgen, New York: Humana Press, 2012, p. 97-109Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The measurement of colocalization requires images of two fluorophores that are aligned, with no cross talk, and that the intensities remain within the response range of the microscope. Quantitation depends upon differentiating between the presence and absence of fluorescence, and measurements should be made within biologically relevant regions of interest. Co-occurrence can be measured simply by area or with the M1 and M2 coefficients, and should be compared to random distributions. Correlation analysis should use the Pearson and Spearman coefficients, which need to be measured by replicate based noise corrected correlation to eliminate errors arising from differences in image quality. Ideally, both co-occurrence and correlation should be reported.

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  • 2.
    Adler, Jeremy
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Parmryd, Ingela
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    Quantification of Colocalisation; Co-Occurrence, Correlation, Empty Voxels, Regions of Interest and Thresholding2014In: Biophysical Journal, ISSN 0006-3495, E-ISSN 1542-0086, Vol. 106, no 2, p. 602A-602AArticle in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Measuring colocalisation is not straightforward with a plethora of coefficients that encapsulate different definitions. Measurements may also be implemented differently. Not only do measurements differ; interconversion is impossible making comparisons challenging. There is a need to cull coefficients and for clear definitions of what precisely is meant by colocalisation in individual studies. Colocalisation can be considered to have two components; co-occurrence which reports whether the fluorophores are found together and correlation which reports on the similarity in their patterns of intensity.

  • 3.
    Agarwal, Prasoon
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Hematology and Immunology.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Teichmann, Martin
    Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Université de Bordeaux 2, rue , Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France..
    Jernberg Wiklund, Helena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Hematology and Immunology.
    Smit, Arian
    Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-5234, USA.
    Westermark, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Singh, Umashankar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Growth signals employ CGGBP1 to suppress transcription of Alu-SINEs2016In: Cell Cycle, ISSN 1538-4101, E-ISSN 1551-4005, Vol. 15, no 12, p. 1558-1571Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CGGBP1 (CGG triplet repeat-binding protein 1) regulates cell proliferation, stress response,cytokinesis, telomeric integrity and transcription. It could affect these processes by modulatingtarget gene expression under different conditions. Identification of CGGBP1-target genes andtheir regulation could reveal how a transcription regulator affects such diverse cellular processes.Here we describe the mechanisms of differential gene expression regulation by CGGBP1 inquiescent or growing cells. By studying global gene expression patterns and genome-wide DNAbindingpatterns of CGGBP1, we show that a possible mechanism through which it affects theexpression of RNA Pol II-transcribed genes in trans depends on Alu RNA. We also show that itregulates Alu transcription in cis by binding to Alu promoter. Our results also indicate thatpotential phosphorylation of CGGBP1 upon growth stimulation facilitates its nuclear retention,Alu-binding and dislodging of RNA Pol III therefrom. These findings provide insights into howAlu transcription is regulated in response to growth signals.

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  • 4.
    Andrae, Johanna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Ehrencrona, Hans
    Gallini, Radiosa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Lal, Mark
    Ding, Hao
    Betsholtz, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Analysis of Mice Lacking the Heparin-Binding Splice Isoform of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor A2013In: Molecular and Cellular Biology, ISSN 0270-7306, E-ISSN 1098-5549, Vol. 33, no 20, p. 4030-4040Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Platelet-derived growth factor A-chain (PDGF-A) exists in two evolutionarily conserved isoforms, PDGF-Along and PDGF-Ashort, generated by alternative RNA splicing. They differ by the presence (in PDGF-Along) or absence (in PDGF-Ashort) of a carboxyterminal heparin/heparan sulfate proteoglycan-binding motif. In mice, similar motifs present in other members of the PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) families have been functionally analyzed in vivo, but the specific physiological importance of PDGF-A(long) has not been explored previously. Here, we analyzed the absolute and relative expression of the two PDGF-A splice isoforms during early postnatal organ development in the mouse and report on the generation of a Pdgfa allele (Pdgfa(Delta ex6) incapable of producing PDGF-A(long) due to a deletion of the exon 6 splice acceptor site. In situations of limiting PDGF-A signaling through PDGF receptor alpha (PDGFR alpha), or in mice lacking PDGF-C, homozygous carriers of Pdgfa(Delta ex6) showed abnormal development of the lung, intestine, and vertebral column, pinpointing developmental processes where PDGF-A(long) may play a physiological role.

  • 5.
    Andrae, Johanna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Gouveia, Maria Leonor Seguardo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    He, Liqun
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Betsholtz, Christer
    Characterization of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-A Expression in Mouse Tissues Using a lacZ Knock-In Approach2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 8, p. e105477-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Expression of the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene (Pdgfa) occurs widely in the developing mouse, where it is mainly localized to various epithelial and neuronal structures. Until now, in situ mRNA hybridization (ISH) has been the only reliable method to identify Pdgfa expression in tissue sections or whole mount preparations. Validated protocols for in situ detection of PDGF-A protein by immunohistochemistry is lacking. In particular, this has hampered understanding of Pdgfa expression pattern in adult tissues, where ISH is technically challenging. Here, we report a gene targeted mouse Pdgfa allele, Pdgfa(ex4COIN), which is a combined conditional knockout and reporter allele. Cre-mediated inversion of the COIN cassette inactivates Pdgfa coding while simultaneously activating a beta-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter under endogenous Pdgfa transcription control. The generated Pdgfa(ex4COIN-INV-lacZ) allele can next be used to identify cells carrying a Pdgfa null allele, as well as to map endogenous Pdgfa expression. We evaluated the Pdgfa(ex4COIN-INV-lacZ) allele as a reporter for endogenous Pdgfa expression patterns in mouse embryos and adults. We conclude that the expression pattern of Pdgfa(ex4COIN-INV-lacZ) recapitulates known expression patterns of Pdgfa. We also report on novel embryonic and adult Pdgfa expression patterns in the mouse and discuss their implications for Pdgfa physiology.

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  • 6. Arthur-Farraj, Peter J.
    et al.
    Latouche, Morwena
    Wilton, Daniel K.
    Quintes, Susanne
    Chabrol, Elodie
    Banerjee, Annbily
    Woodhoo, Ashwin
    Jenkins, Billy
    Rahman, Mary
    Turmaine, Mark
    Wicher, Grzegorz K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Mitter, Richard
    Greensmith, Linda
    Behrens, Axel
    Raivich, Gennadij
    Mirsky, Rhona
    Jessen, Kristjan R.
    c-Jun Reprograms Schwann Cells of Injured Nerves to Generate a Repair Cell Essential for Regeneration2012In: Neuron, ISSN 0896-6273, E-ISSN 1097-4199, Vol. 75, no 4, p. 633-647Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The radical response of peripheral nerves to injury (Wallerian degeneration) is the cornerstone of nerve repair. We show that activation of the transcription factor c-Jun in Schwann cells is a global regulator of Wallerian degeneration. c-Jun governs major aspects of the injury response, determines the expression of trophic factors, adhesion molecules, the formation of regeneration tracks and myelin clearance and controls the distinctive regenerative potential of peripheral nerves. A key function of c-Jun is the activation of a repair program in Schwann cells and the creation of a cell specialized to support regeneration. We show that absence of c-Jun results in the formation of a dysfunctional repair cell, striking failure of functional recovery, and neuronal death. We conclude that a single glial transcription factor is essential for restoration of damaged nerves, acting to control the transdifferentiation of myelin and Remak Schwann cells to dedicated repair cells in damaged tissue.

  • 7. Aspelund, Aleksanteri
    et al.
    Tammela, Tuomas
    Antila, Salli
    Nurmi, Harri
    Leppanen, Veli-Matti
    Zarkada, Georgia
    Stanczuk, Lukas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Francois, Mathias
    Mäkinen, Taija
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology.
    Saharinen, Pipsa
    Immonen, Ilkka
    Alitalo, Kari
    The Schlemm's canal is a VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-responsive lymphatic-like vessel2014In: Journal of Clinical Investigation, ISSN 0021-9738, E-ISSN 1558-8238, Vol. 124, no 9, p. 3975-3986Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In glaucoma, aqueous outflow into the Schlemm's canal (SC) is obstructed. Despite striking structural and functional similarities with the lymphatic vascular, system, it is unknown whether the SC is a blood or lymphatic vessel. Here, we demonstrated the expression of lymphatic endothelial cell markers by the SC in murine and zebrafish models as well as in human eye tissue. The initial stages of SC development involved induction of the transcription factor PROX1 and the lymphangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR-3 in venous endothelial cells in postnatal mice. Using gene deletion and function-blocking antibodies in mice, we determined that the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C and its receptor, VEGFR-3, are essential for SC development. Delivery of VEGF-C into the adult eye resulted in sprouting, proliferation, and growth of SC endothelial cells, whereas VEGF-A obliterated the aqueous outflow system. Furthermore, a single injection of recombinant VEGF-C induced SC growth and was associated with trend toward a sustained decrease in intraocular pressure in adult mice. These results reveal the evolutionary conservation of the lymphatic-like phenotype of the SC, implicate VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 as critical regulators of SC lymphangiogenesis, and provide a basis for further studies on therapeutic manipulation of the SC with VEGF-C in glaucoma treatment.

  • 8.
    Babateen, Omar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology.
    Jin, Zhe
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology.
    Bhandage, Amol K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology.
    Korol, Sergiy V
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology.
    Westermark, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Forsberg Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Uhrbom, Lene
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Smits, Anja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Birnir, Bryndis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Etomidate, propofol and diazepam potentiate GABA-evoked GABAA currents in a cell line derived from Human glioblastoma2015In: European Journal of Pharmacology, ISSN 0014-2999, E-ISSN 1879-0712, Vol. 748, p. 101-107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    GABAA receptors are pentameric chloride ion channels that are opened by GABA. We have screened a cell line derived from human glioblastoma, U3047MG, for expression of GABAA receptor subunit isoforms and formation of functional ion channels. We identified GABAA receptors subunit α2, α3, α5, β1, β2, β3, δ, γ3, π, and θ mRNAs in the U3047MG cell line. Whole-cell GABA-activated currents were recorded and the half-maximal concentration (EC50) for the GABA-activated current was 36μM. The currents were activated by THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol) and enhanced by the benzodiazepine diazepam (1μM) and the general anesthetics etomidate and propofol (50μM). In line with the expressed GABAA receptors containing at least the α3β3θ subunits, the receptors were highly sensitive to etomidate (EC50=55nM). Immunocytochemistry identified expression of the α3 and β3 subunit proteins. Our results show that the GABAA receptors in the glial cell line are functional and are modulated by classical GABAA receptor drugs. We propose that the U3047MG cell line may be used as a model system to study GABAA receptors function and pharmacology in glial cells.

  • 9.
    Bandopadhayay, Pratiti
    et al.
    Departments of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    Bergthold, Guillaume
    Departments of Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    Nguyen, Brian
    Schubert, Simone
    Gholamin, Sharareh
    Tang, Yujie
    Bolin, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Schumacher, Steven E.
    Zeid, Rhamy
    Masoud, Sabran
    Yu, Furong
    Vue, Nujsaubnusi
    Gibson, William J.
    Paolella, Brenton R.
    Mitra, Siddhartha S.
    Cheshier, Samuel H.
    Qi, Jun
    Liu, Kun-Wei
    Wechsler-Reya, Robert
    Weiss, William A.
    Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
    Swartling, Fredrik J.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Kieran, Mark W.
    Bradner, James E.
    Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    Beroukhim, Rameen
    Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Center for Cancer Genome Characterization, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts;.
    Cho, Yoon-Jae
    Departments of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford.
    BET Bromodomain Inhibition of MYC-Amplified Medulloblastoma2014In: Clinical Cancer Research, ISSN 1078-0432, E-ISSN 1557-3265, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 912-925Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose:

    MYC-amplified medulloblastomas are highly lethal tumors. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) bromodomain inhibition has recently been shown to suppress MYC-associated transcriptional activity in other cancers. The compound JQ1 inhibits BET bromodomain-containing proteins, including BRD4. Here, we investigate BET bromodomain targeting for the treatment of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.

    Experimental Design:

    We evaluated the effects of genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BET bromodomains on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in established and newly generated patient- and genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM)-derived medulloblastoma cell lines and xenografts that harbored amplifications of MYC or MYCN. We also assessed the effect of JQ1 on MYC expression and global MYC-associated transcriptional activity. We assessed the in vivo efficacy of JQ1 in orthotopic xenografts established in immunocompromised mice.

    Results:

    Treatment of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma cells with JQ1 decreased cell viability associated with arrest at G1 and apoptosis. We observed downregulation of MYC expression and confirmed the inhibition of MYC-associated transcriptional targets. The exogenous expression of MYC from a retroviral promoter reduced the effect of JQ1 on cell viability, suggesting that attenuated levels of MYC contribute to the functional effects of JQ1. JQ1 significantly prolonged the survival of orthotopic xenograft models of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma (P < 0.001). Xenografts harvested from mice after five doses of JQ1 had reduced the expression of MYC mRNA and a reduced proliferative index.

    Conclusion:

    JQ1 suppresses MYC expression and MYC-associated transcriptional activity in medulloblastomas, resulting in an overall decrease in medulloblastoma cell viability. These preclinical findings highlight the promise of BET bromodomain inhibitors as novel agents for MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.

  • 10. Bandopadhayay, Pratiti
    et al.
    Bergthold, Guillaume
    Nguyen, Brian
    Schubert, Simone
    Gholamin, Sharareh
    Tang, Yujie
    Bolin, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Schumacher, Steven
    Zeid, Rhamy
    Masoud, Sabran
    Yu, Furong
    Vue, Nujsaubnusi
    Gibson, William
    Paolella, Brenton
    Mitra, Siddhartha
    Cheshier, Samuel
    Qi, Jun
    Liu, Kun-Wei
    Wechsler-Reya, Robert
    Weiss, William
    Swartling, Fredrik Johansson
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Kieran, Mark W.
    Bradner, James E.
    Beroukhim, Rameen
    Cho, Yoon-Jae
    Medulloblastoma models which harbor amplifications of myc family members are sensitive to BET-Bromodomain inhibition2014In: Neuro-Oncology, ISSN 1522-8517, E-ISSN 1523-5866, Vol. 16, p. 90-90Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 11. Benedito, Rui
    et al.
    Hellström, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Notch as a hub for signaling in angiogenesis2013In: Experimental Cell Research, ISSN 0014-4827, E-ISSN 1090-2422, Vol. 319, no 9, p. 1281-1288Article, review/survey (Refereed)
  • 12. Bentley, Katie
    et al.
    Franco, Claudio Areias
    Philippides, Andrew
    Blanco, Raquel
    Dierkes, Martina
    Gebala, Veronique
    Stanchi, Fabio
    Jones, Martin
    Aspalter, Irene M.
    Cagna, Guiseppe
    Weström, Simone
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Vestweber, Dietmar
    Gerhardt, Holger
    The role of differential VE-cadherin dynamics in cell rearrangement during angiogenesis2014In: Nature Cell Biology, ISSN 1465-7392, E-ISSN 1476-4679, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 309-321Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Endothelial cells show surprising cell rearrangement behaviour during angiogenic sprouting; however, the underlying mechanisms and functional importance remain unclear. By combining computational modelling with experimentation, we identify that Notch/VEGFR-regulated differential dynamics of VE-cadherin junctions drive functional endothelial cell rearrangements during sprouting. We propose that continual flux in Notch signalling levels in individual cells results in differential VE-cadherin turnover and junctional-cortex protrusions, which powers differential cell movement. In cultured endothelial cells, Notch signalling quantitatively reduced junctional VE-cadherin mobility. In simulations, only differential adhesion dynamics generated long-range position changes, required for tip cell competition and stalk cell intercalation. Simulation and quantitative image analysis on VE-cadherin junctional patterning in vivo identified that differential VE-cadherin mobility is lost under pathological high VEGF conditions, in retinopathy and tumour vessels. Our results provide a mechanistic concept for how cells rearrange during normal sprouting and how rearrangement switches to generate abnormal vessels in pathologies.

  • 13.
    Bergström, Tobias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Modeling Neural Stem Cell and Glioma Biology2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is focused on neural stem cell (NSC) and glioma biology. I discuss how NSCs interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the stem cell niche, and investigate the consequences of deregulated Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling for embryonic NSCs in transgenic mice. Furthermore I present cell cultures of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) that models human disease, taking into account the heterogeneity of GBM. Finally, interactions between brain tumors and mast cells are studied using the glioma cultures.

    In paper I, the importance of NSC interactions with the ECM in the stem cell niche during development is discussed. Contacts between NSCs and the ECM in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are emerging as important regulatory mechanisms. We show that early postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC) attach to collagen I, and that the adhesion is explained by higher expression of collagen receptor integrins compared to adult NSPC. Further, blood vessels in the SVZ express collagen I, indicating a possible functional relationship.

    Growth factors, e.g. PDGF, regulate NSC proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant activation of growth factor signaling pathways also plays a role in brain tumor formation. Paper II demonstrates that transgenic mice expressing PDGF-B at high levels in embryonic NSCs displayed mild neurological defects but no hyperplasia or brain tumors. This suggests that a high level of PDGF is not sufficient to induce brain tumors from NSCs without further mutations.

    Paper III presents a novel panel of human glioma stem cell (GSC) lines from GBM that display NSC markers in vitro and form secondary orthotopic tumors in vivo. GBM has recently been categorized in molecular subclasses and we demonstrate, for the first time, that these subclasses can be retained in vitro by stem cell culture conditions. We have thus generated models for research and drug development aiming at a focused treatment depending on GBM subtype.

    Interactions with the immune system are integral parts of tumorigenesis. Mast cells are found in glioma and in paper IV we demonstrate that the grade-dependent infiltration of mast cells is in part mediated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor and phosphorylation of STAT5.

     

     

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  • 14.
    Bergström, Tobias
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond2012In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 117, no 2, p. 132-142Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Neural stem cells are the origins of neurons and glia and generate all the differentiated neural cells of the mammalian central nervous system via the formation of intermediate precursors. Although less frequent, neural stem cells persevere in the postnatal brain where they generate neurons and glia. Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in a few limited brain regions. Regulation of neural stem cell number during central nervous system development and in adult life is associated with rigorous control. Failure in this regulation may lead to e. g. brain malformation, impaired learning and memory, or tumor development. Signaling pathways that are perturbed in glioma are the same that are important for neural stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, survival, and migration. The heterogeneity of human gliomas has impeded efficient treatment, but detailed molecular characterization together with novel stem cell-like glioma cell models that reflect the original tumor gives opportunities for research into new therapies. The observation that neural stem cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro has opened new avenues for medical research, with the hope that they could be used to compensate the loss of cells that features in several severe neurological diseases. Multipotent neural stem cells can be isolated from the embryonic and adult brain and maintained in culture in a defined medium. In addition, neural stem cells can be derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells by in vitro differentiation, thus adding to available models to study stem cells in health and disease.

  • 15.
    Bergström, Tobias
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Holmqvist, Karin
    Tararuk, Tatsiana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Johansson, Staffan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Developmentally regulated collagen/integrin interactions confer adhesive properties to early postnatal neural stem cells2014In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, ISSN 0304-4165, E-ISSN 1872-8006, Vol. 1840, no 8, p. 2526-2532Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    It is becoming increasingly apparent that the extracellular matrix acts as an important regulator of the neural stem niche. Previously we found that neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) derived from the early postnatal subventricular zone of mice adhere to a collagen/hyaluronan hydrogel, whereas NSPCs from the adult and embryonic brain do not.

    Methods:

    To examine the specific adhesive properties of young stem cells in more detail, NSPCs isolated from embryonic, postnatal day 6 (P6), and adult mouse brains were cultured on collagen I.

    Results:

    Early postnatal NSPCs formed paxillin-positive focal adhesions on collagen I, and these adhesions could be prevented by an antibody that blocked integrin beta 1. Furthermore, we found the corresponding integrin alpha subunits alpha 2 and alpha 11 levels to be highest at the postnatal stage. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes showed higher expression of transcripts involved in vasculature development and morphogenesis in P6 stem cells, compared to adult.

    Conclusions:

    The ability to interact with the extracellular matrix differs between postnatal and adult NSPCs.

    General significance:

    Our observations that the specific adhesive properties of early postnatal NSPCs, which are lost in the adult brain, can be ascribed to the integrin subunits expressed by the former furthering our understanding of the developing neurogenic niche. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.  

  • 16.
    Bergström, Tobias
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Holmqvist, Karin
    Tararuk, Tatsiana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Johansson, Staffan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Temporally Regulated Collagen/Integrin Interactions Confer Adhesive Properties to Early Postnatal Neural Stem CellsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Betsholtz, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och biofysik, Karolinska Institutet.
    Double function at the blood-brain barrier2014In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 509, no 7501, p. 432-433Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Betsholtz, Christer
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Keller, Annika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    PDGF, Pericytes and the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (IBGC)2014In: Brain Pathology, ISSN 1015-6305, E-ISSN 1750-3639, Vol. 24, no 4, p. 387-395Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are important mitogens for various types of mesenchymal cells, and as such, they exert critical functions during organogenesis in mammalian embryonic and early postnatal development. Increased or ectopic PDGF activity may also cause or contribute to diseases such as cancer and tissue fibrosis. Until recently, no loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in PDGF or PDGF receptor genes were reported as causally linked to a human disease. This changed in 2013 when reports appeared on presumed LOF mutations in the genes encoding PDGF-B and its receptor PDGF receptor-beta (PDGF-R) in familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC), a brain disease characterized by anatomically localized calcifications in or near the blood microvessels. Here, we review PDGF-B and PDGF-R biology with special reference to their functions in brain-blood vessel development, pericyte recruitment and the regulation of the blood-brain barrier. We also discuss various scenarios for IBGC pathogenesis suggested by observations in patients and genetically engineered animal models of the disease.

  • 19.
    Boije, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Investigations of Proneural Glioblastoma to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Malignant glioma is a highly lethal and destructive disease with no proper cure. We have investigated some of the hallmarks of cancer in connection to glioma and found ways to disrupt these and prevent tumor growth. The work is done within the context of a glioma subtype distinguished by activation of PDGF signaling termed the proneural subtype. In two of the studies we have investigated mechanisms regulating the glioma cells themselves, and in the other two we have focused on the tumor stroma.

    In the first study, glioma-initiating cells were isolated in defined serum free culture medium from PDGF-B driven murine glioma and shown to be independent of EGF and FGF2 for self-renewal and proliferation. When cultured in serum the GICs displayed an aberrant differentiation pattern that was reversible. Specific depletion of the transduced PDGF-B caused a loss of self-renewal and tumorigenicity and induced oligodendrocyte differentiation.

    The transcription factor S-SOX5 has previously been shown to have a tumor suppressive effect on PDGF-B induced murine glioma, and to induce cellular senescence in PDGF-B stimulated cells in vitro. We found that S-SOX5 had a negative effect on proliferation of newly established human glioma cells cultured under stem cell conditions. We also revealed a connection between alterations causing up-regulation of SOX5 with the proneural subgroup and a tendency towards co-occurrence with PDGFRA alterations.

    Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, is an important hallmark for glioma malignancy. We found that the anti-angiogenic protein HRG had a negative effect on glioma progression in PDGF-B induced experimental tumors and that HRG was able to completely prevent formation of glioblastomas.

    Subsequently it was shown that HRG could skew pro-tumorigenic tumor associated macrophages into an anti-tumorigenic phenotype. Stromal cells had not previously been fully investigated in gliomas. We observed a correlation between tumor malignancy and increased numbers of tumor-associated macrophages as well as pericytes in PDGF-B induced gliomas. There was also a correlation between tumor grade and vessel functionality that had not previously been shown.

    Our results offer further understanding of gliomagenesis and present possible future therapies.

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  • 20.
    Boije, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Jiang, Yiwen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Hesselager, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery.
    Alafuzoff, Irina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Uhrbom, Lene
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Upregulation of SOX5 can be linked to proneural glioblastoma and perturbs glioma cell proliferationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Boije, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Sobocki, Caroline
    Jiang, Yiwen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Kastemar, Marianne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Uhrbom, Lene
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Rolny, Charlotte
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Malignancy of PDGF-BB driven glioma correlates with increased infiltration of pro-angiogenic macrophages and mesenchymal cellsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Bolin, Sara
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Lau, Jasmine
    Savov, Vasil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Chen, Justin
    Persson, Anders I.
    Hede, Sanna-Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Weiss, William A.
    Swartling, Fredrik J.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    A glial origin for medulloblastoma and inhibition of MYCN stabilization2013In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 73, no 8Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Caglayan, Demet
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Lundin, Erika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Kastemar, Marianne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Westermark, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Ferletta, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Sox21 inhibits glioma progression in vivo by forming complexes with Sox2 and stimulating aberrant differentiation2013In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 133, no 6, p. 1345-1356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sox2 is a transcription factor in neural stem cells and keeps the cells immature and proliferative. Sox2 is expressed in primary human glioma such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), primary glioma cells and glioma cell lines and is implicated in signaling pathways in glioma connected to malignancy. Sox21, the counteracting partner of Sox2, has the same expression pattern as Sox2 in glioma but in general induces opposite effects. In this study, Sox21 was overexpressed by using a tetracycline-regulated expression system (tet-on) in glioma cells. The glioma cells were injected subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. The control tumors were highly proliferative, contained microvascular proliferation and large necrotic areas typical of human GBM. Induction of Sox21 in the tumor cells resulted in a significant smaller tumor size, and the effect correlated with the onset of treatment, where earlier treatment gave smaller tumors. Mice injected with glioma cells orthotopically into the brain survived significantly longer when Sox21 expression was induced. Tumors originating from glioma cells with an induced expression of Sox21 exhibited an increased formation of Sox2:Sox21 complexes and an upregulation of S100, CNPase and Tuj1. Sox21 appears to decrease the stem-like cell properties of the tumor cells and initiate aberrant differentiation of glioma cells in vivo. Taken together our results indicate that Sox21 can function as a tumor suppressor during gliomagenesis mediated by a shift in the balance between Sox2 and Sox21. The wide distribution of Sox2 and Sox21 in GBM makes the Sox2/Sox21 axis a very interesting target for novel therapy of gliomas. What's new? Glioma formation is driven by brain tumor-initiating cells with stem cell-like properties. Here the authors show for the first time that the transcription factor Sox21 can act as a suppressor gene in gliomagenesis. Induced expression of Sox21 in human glioma cells results in reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival of xenotranplanted mice. Sox21 reduces the stem-cell like properties of the tumor cells, leading to abnormal differentiation, induced apoptosis, and decreased proliferation. The results point to a shift in balance between the counteracting and widely distributed Sox2 and Sox21, revealing the Sox2/Sox21 axis as a target for novel therapy of gliomas.

  • 24.
    Caglayan, Demet
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Lundin, Erika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Kastemar, Marianne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Westermark, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Ferletta, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Sox21 inhibits glioma progression in vivo by reducing Sox2 and stimulating aberrant differentiation2013In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 133, no 6, p. 1345-1356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sox2 is a transcription factor in neural stem cells and keeps the cells immature and proliferative. Sox2 is expressed in primary human glioma such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), primary glioma cells and glioma cell lines and is implicated in signaling pathways in glioma connected to malignancy. Sox21, the counteracting partner of Sox2, has the same expression pattern as Sox2 in glioma but in general induces opposite effects. In this study, Sox21 was overexpressed by using a tetracycline-regulated expression system (tet-on) in glioma cells. The glioma cells were injected subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. The control tumors were highly proliferative, contained microvascular proliferation and large necrotic areas typical of human GBM. Induction of Sox21 in the tumor cells resulted in a significant smaller tumor size, and the effect correlated with the onset of treatment, where earlier treatment gave smaller tumors. Mice injected with glioma cells orthotopically into the brain survived significantly longer when Sox21 expression was induced. Tumors originating from glioma cells with an induced expression of Sox21 exhibited an increased formation of Sox2:Sox21 complexes and an upregulation of S100β, CNPase and Tuj1. Sox21 appears to decrease the stem-like cell properties of the tumor cells and initiate aberrant differentiation of glioma cells in vivo. Taken together our results indicate that Sox21 can function as a tumor suppressor during gliomagenesis mediated by a shift in the balance between Sox2 and Sox21. The wide distribution of Sox2 and Sox21 in GBM makes the Sox2/Sox21 axis a very interesting target for novel therapy of gliomas.

  • 25.
    Caglayan, Demet
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Moriarity, Branden
    Department of Genetics, Cell biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .
    Tschida, Barbara Ryan
    Department of Genetics, Cell biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .
    Kastemar, Marianne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Alafuzoff, Irina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Largaespada, David
    Department of Genetics, Cell biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .
    Westermark, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Induction of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Gliomatosis Cerebri with a Sleeping Beauty gene transfer system, implications for T regulatory cell involvement during glioma formation.Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), the most malignant and common  neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS), has been classified into subgroups with gene-expression profile as the basis for categorization. Among these the mesenchymal subgroup is most greatly associated with inflammatory infiltrates and increased expression of inflammatory associated genes. GBMs exhibit T cell infiltration to a varying degree and today the degree of infiltration is not used in prognostics. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) system was used to introduce AKT, a mutant variant of NRAS and a shp53 coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP) into mice that are fully immunocomptetent, lack mature T cells or have reduced regulatory T (Treg) cell function respectively. We report, for the first time, the induction of Gliomatosis Cerebri with the SB system. Tumors that originated were either GBM or Gliomatosis Cerebri with a similar incidence. There was no difference in survival, grade or incidence of induced tumors in wild type mice and mice that lack mature T cells.

  • 26. Carneiro, Miguel
    et al.
    Rubin, Carl-Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Di Palma, Federica
    Albert, Frank W.
    Alfoeldi, Jessica
    Barrio, Alvaro Martinez
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Pielberg, Gerli
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Rafati, Nima
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Sayyab, Shumaila
    Turner-Maier, Jason
    Younis, Shady
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Afonso, Sandra
    Aken, Bronwen
    Alves, Joel M.
    Barrell, Daniel
    Bolet, Gerard
    Boucher, Samuel
    Burbano, Hernan A.
    Campos, Rita
    Chang, Jean L.
    Duranthon, Veronique
    Fontanesi, Luca
    Garreau, Herve
    Heiman, David
    Johnson, Jeremy
    Mage, Rose G.
    Peng, Ze
    Queney, Guillaume
    Rogel-Gaillard, Claire
    Ruffier, Magali
    Searle, Steve
    Villafuerte, Rafael
    Xiong, Anqi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Young, Sarah
    Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Good, Jeffrey M.
    Lander, Eric S.
    Ferrand, Nuno
    Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Andersson, Leif
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Rabbit genome analysis reveals a polygenic basis for phenotypic change during domestication2014In: Science, ISSN 0036-8075, E-ISSN 1095-9203, Vol. 345, no 6200, p. 1074-1079Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The genetic changes underlying the initial steps of animal domestication are still poorly understood. We generated a high-quality reference genome for the rabbit and compared it to resequencing data from populations of wild and domestic rabbits. We identified more than 100 selective sweeps specific to domestic rabbits but only a relatively small number of fixed (or nearly fixed) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for derived alleles. SNPs with marked allele frequency differences between wild and domestic rabbits were enriched for conserved noncoding sites. Enrichment analyses suggest that genes affecting brain and neuronal development have often been targeted during domestication. We propose that because of a truly complex genetic background, tame behavior in rabbits and other domestic animals evolved by shifts in allele frequencies at many loci, rather than by critical changes at only a few domestication loci.

  • 27. Casazza, Andrea
    et al.
    Fu, Xi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Johansson, Irja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Capparuccia, Lorena
    Andersson, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Giustacchini, Alice
    Squadrito, Mario Leonardo
    Venneri, Mary Anna
    Mazzone, Massimiliano
    Larsson, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Carmeliet, Peter
    De Palma, Michele
    Naldini, Luigi
    Tamagnone, Luca
    Rolny, Charlotte
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Systemic and Targeted Delivery of Semaphorin 3A Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Progression in Mouse Tumor Models2011In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, ISSN 1079-5642, E-ISSN 1524-4636, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 741-749Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective-The role of semaphorins in tumor progression is still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the regulatory role of semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in primary tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Methods and Results-We used 3 different experimental approaches in mouse tumor models: (1) overexpression of SEMA3A in tumor cells, (2) systemic expression of SEMA3A following liver gene transfer in mice, and (3) tumor-targeted release of SEMA3A using gene modified Tie2-expressing monocytes as delivery vehicles. In each of these experimental settings, SEMA3A efficiently inhibited tumor growth by inhibiting vessel function and increasing tumor hypoxia and necrosis, without promoting metastasis. We further show that the expression of the receptor neuropilin-1 in tumor cells is required for SEMA3A-dependent inhibition of tumor cell migration in vitro and metastatic spreading in vivo. Conclusion-In sum, both systemic and tumor-targeted delivery of SEMA3A inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in multiple mouse models; moreover, SEMA3A inhibits the metastatic spreading from primary tumors. These data support the rationale for further investigation of SEMA3A as an anticancer molecule.

  • 28.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Blood vessels as targets in tumor therapy2012In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 117, no 2, p. 178-186Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The landmark papers published by Judah Folkman in the early 1970s on tumor angiogenesis and therapeutic implications promoted the rapid development of a very dynamic field where basic scientists, oncologists, and pharmaceutical industry joined forces to determine the molecular mechanisms in blood vessel formation and find means to exploit this knowledge in suppressing tumor vascularization and growth. A wealth of information has been collected on angiogenic growth factors, and in 2004 the first specific blood vessel-targeted cancer therapy was introduced: a neutralizing antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Now (2011) we know that suppression of tumor angiogenesis may be a double-edged sword and that the therapy needs to be further refined and individualized. This review describes the hallmarks of tumor vessels, how different angiogenic growth factors exert their function, and the perspectives for future development of anti-angiogenic therapy.

  • 29.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Introduction to symposium on vascular biology, metabolism and cancer2013In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 273, no 2, p. 112-113Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Receptor Talk and Tumor Cell Walk in Glioblastoma2012In: Cancer Cell, ISSN 1535-6108, E-ISSN 1878-3686, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 1-2Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this issue of Cancer Cell, Lu et al. describe unconventional molecular interactions in glioblastoma cells that provide a mechanism for how anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy may promote mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma cells and increase tumor invasion.

  • 31.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Signal transduction by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors2012In: Vascular pharmacology, ISSN 1537-1891, E-ISSN 1879-3649, Vol. 56, no 5-6, p. 308-308Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Gerhardt, Holger
    Introduction to the ECR special angiogenesis issue2013In: Experimental Cell Research, ISSN 0014-4827, E-ISSN 1090-2422, Vol. 319, no 9, p. 1239-1239Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Welsh, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    VEGFA and tumour angiogenesis2013In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 273, no 2, p. 114-127Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this review we summarize the current understanding of signal transduction downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2, and the relationship between these signal transduction pathways and the hallmark responses of VEGFA, angiogenesis and vascular permeability. These physiological responses involve a number of effectors, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), Src, phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho family GTPases, endothelial NO and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Several of these factors are involved in the regulation of both angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Tumour angiogenesis primarily relies on VEGFA-driven responses, which to a large extent result in a dysfunctional vasculature. The reason for this remains unclear, although it appears that certain aspects of the VEGFA-stimulated angiogenic milieu (high level of microvascular density and permeability) promote tumour expansion. The high degree of redundancy and complexity of VEGFA-driven tumour angiogenesis may explain why tumours commonly develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy targeting VEGFA signal transduction.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 34.
    Corell, Mikael
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Genetics.
    Wicher, Grzegorz
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Katarzyna J., Radomska
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Developmental Biology.
    Trier Kjær, Marcel
    Syddansk Universitet, IMM-Neurobiology Reseach, Denmark .
    Dağlıkoca, E. Duygu
    Bogazici University, Deptartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey .
    Fredriksson, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Fex Svenningsen, Åsa
    Syddansk Universitet, IMM-Neurobiology Reseach, Denmark .
    The function of GABA and its B-receptor in Schwann cell developmentManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 35. Cvijovic, Marija
    et al.
    Almquist, Joachim
    Hagmar, Jonas
    Hohmann, Stefan
    Kaltenbach, Hans-Michael
    Klipp, Edda
    Krantz, Marcus
    Mendes, Pedro
    Nelander, Sven
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Nielsen, Jens
    Pagnani, Andrea
    Przulj, Natasa
    Raue, Andreas
    Stelling, Joerg
    Stoma, Szymon
    Tobin, Frank
    Wodke, Judith A. H.
    Zecchina, Riccardo
    Jirstrand, Mats
    Bridging the gaps in systems biology2014In: Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ISSN 1617-4615, E-ISSN 1617-4623, Vol. 289, no 5, p. 727-734Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Systems biology aims at creating mathematical models, i.e., computational reconstructions of biological systems and processes that will result in a new level of understanding-the elucidation of the basic and presumably conserved "design" and "engineering" principles of biomolecular systems. Thus, systems biology will move biology from a phenomenological to a predictive science. Mathematical modeling of biological networks and processes has already greatly improved our understanding of many cellular processes. However, given the massive amount of qualitative and quantitative data currently produced and number of burning questions in health care and biotechnology needed to be solved is still in its early phases. The field requires novel approaches for abstraction, for modeling bioprocesses that follow different biochemical and biophysical rules, and for combining different modules into larger models that still allow realistic simulation with the computational power available today. We have identified and discussed currently most prominent problems in systems biology: (1) how to bridge different scales of modeling abstraction, (2) how to bridge the gap between topological and mechanistic modeling, and (3) how to bridge the wet and dry laboratory gap. The future success of systems biology largely depends on bridging the recognized gaps.

  • 36.
    Dieterich, Lothar C.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Huang, Hua
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Massena, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    Golenhofen, Nikola
    Phillipson, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    Dimberg, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    alpha B-crystallin/HspB5 regulates endothelial-leukocyte interactions by enhancing NF-kappa B-induced up-regulation of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin2013In: Angiogenesis, ISSN 0969-6970, E-ISSN 1573-7209, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 975-983Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    alpha B-crystallin is a small heat shock protein, which has pro-angiogenic properties by increasing survival of endothelial cells and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Here we demonstrate an additional role of alpha B-crystallin in regulating vascular function, through enhancing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment. Ectopic expression of alpha B-crystallin in endothelial cells increases the level of E-selectin expression in response to TNF-alpha, and enhances leukocyte-endothelial interaction in vitro. Conversely, TNF-alpha-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and E-selectin is markedly inhibited in endothelial cells isolated from alpha B-crystallin-deficient mice. This is associated with elevated levels of I kappa B in alpha B-crystallin deficient cells and incomplete degradation upon TNF-alpha stimulation. Consistent with this, endothelial adhesion molecule expression is reduced in inflamed vessels of alpha B-crystallin deficient mice, and leukocyte rolling velocity is increased. Our data identify alpha B-crystallin as a new regulator of leukocyte recruitment, by enhancing pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B-signaling and endothelial adhesion molecule expression during endothelial activation.

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  • 37.
    Dieterich, Lothar C.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Mellberg, Sofie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Langenkamp, Elise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Zhang, Lei
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Zieba, Agata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Salomäki, Henriikka
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Teichert, M.
    Huang, Hua
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Edqvist, Per-Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Kraus, T.
    Augustin, H. G.
    Olofsson, Tommie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Larsson, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Söderberg, Ola
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular tools.
    Molema, G.
    Pontén, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Georgii-Hemming, Patrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics.
    Alafuzoff, Irina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Dimberg, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Transcriptional profiling of human glioblastoma vessels indicates a key role of VEGF-A and TGFβ2 in vascular abnormalization2012In: Journal of Pathology, ISSN 0022-3417, E-ISSN 1096-9896, Vol. 228, no 3, p. 378-390Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Glioblastoma are aggressive astrocytic brain tumours characterized by microvascular proliferation and an abnormal vasculature, giving rise to brain oedema and increased patient morbidity. Here, we have characterized the transcriptome of tumour-associated blood vessels and describe a gene signature clearly associated with pleomorphic, pathologically altered vessels in human glioblastoma (grade IV glioma). We identified 95 genes differentially expressed in glioblastoma vessels, while no significant differences in gene expression were detected between vessels in non-malignant brain and grade II glioma. Differential vascular expression of ANGPT2, CD93, ESM1, ELTD1, FILIP1L and TENC1 in human glioblastoma was validated by immunohistochemistry, using a tissue microarray. Through qPCR analysis of gene induction in primary endothelial cells, we provide evidence that increased VEGF-A and TGFβ2 signalling in the tumour microenvironment is sufficient to invoke many of the changes in gene expression noted in glioblastoma vessels. Notably, we found an enrichment of Smad target genes within the distinct gene signature of glioblastoma vessels and a significant increase of Smad signalling complexes in the vasculature of human glioblastoma in situ. This indicates a key role of TGFβ signalling in regulating vascular phenotype and suggests that, in addition to VEGF-A, TGFβ2 may represent a new target for vascular normalization therapy.

  • 38.
    Dieterich, Lothar C
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Schiller, Petter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Huang, Hua
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Wawrousek, Eric F
    National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health.
    Loskog, Angelica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology.
    Wanders, Alkwin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Moons, Lieve
    Universiteit Leuven.
    Dimberg, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    alpha B-Crystallin regulates expansion of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) immature myeloid cells during tumor progression2013In: The FASEB Journal, ISSN 0892-6638, E-ISSN 1530-6860, Vol. 27, no 1, p. 151-162Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The molecular chaperone αB-crystallin has emerged as a target for cancer therapy due to its expression in human tumors and its role in regulating tumor angiogenesis. αB-crystallin also reduces neuroinflammation, but its role in other inflammatory conditions has not been investigated. Here, we examined whether αB-crystallin regulates inflammation associated with tumors and ischemia. We found that CD45+ leukocyte infiltration is 3-fold increased in tumors and ischemic myocardium in αB-crystallin-deficient mice. Notably, αB-crystallin is prominently expressed in CD11b+ Gr-1+ immature myeloid cells (IMCs), known as regulators of angiogenesis and immune responses, while lymphocytes and mature granulocytes show low αB-crystallin expression. αB-Crystallin deficiency results in a 3-fold higher accumulation of CD11b+ Gr-1+ IMCs in tumors and a significant rise in CD11b+ Gr-1+ IMCs in spleen and bone marrow. Similarly, we noted a 2-fold increase in CD11b+ Gr-1+ IMCs in chronically inflamed livers in αB-crystallin-deficient mice. The effect of αB-crystallin on IMC accumulation is limited to pathological conditions, as CD11b+ Gr-1+ IMCs are not elevated in naive mice. Through ex vivo differentiation of CD11b+ Gr-1+ cells, we provide evidence that αB-crystallin regulates systemic expansion of IMCs through a cell-intrinsic mechanism. Our study suggests a key role of αB-crystallin in limiting expansion of CD11b+ Gr-1+ IMCs in diverse pathological conditions.—Dieterich, L. C., Schiller, P., Huang, H., Wawrousek, E. F., Loskog, A., Wanders, A., Moons, L., Dimberg, A. αB-Crystallin regulates expansion of CD11b+Gr-1+ immature myeloid cells during tumor progression.

  • 39.
    Dimberg, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    The glioblastoma vasculature as a target for cancer therapy2014In: Biochemical Society Transactions, ISSN 0300-5127, E-ISSN 1470-8752, Vol. 42, p. 1647-1652Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Glioblastoma is characterized by microvascular proliferation and a highly abnormal dysfunctional vasculature. The glioblastoma vessels differ significantly from normal brain vessels morphologically, functionally and molecularly. The present review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of the formation, functional abnormalities and specific gene expression of glioblastoma vessels and the consequences of vascular abnormalization for the tumour microenvironment.

  • 40.
    Dimberg, Lina Y.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Dimberg, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Ivarsson, Karolina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Fryknäs, Mårten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine.
    Rickardson, Linda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine.
    Tobin, Gerard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Ekman, Simon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Larsson, Rolf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine.
    Gullberg, Urban
    Nilsson, Kenneth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Hematology and Immunology.
    Öberg, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Hematology and Immunology.
    Wiklund, Helena Jernberg
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Hematology and Immunology.
    Stat1 activation attenuates IL-6 induced Stat3 activity but does not alter apoptosis sensitivity in multiple myeloma2012In: BMC Cancer, ISSN 1471-2407, E-ISSN 1471-2407, Vol. 12, p. 318-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is at present an incurable malignancy, characterized by apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. Interferon (IFN) treatment sensitizes MM cells to Fas-induced apoptosis and is associated with an increased activation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)1. The role of Stat1 in MM has not been elucidated, but Stat1 has in several studies been ascribed a pro-apoptotic role. Conversely, IL-6 induction of Stat3 is known to confer resistance to apoptosis in MM. Methods: To delineate the role of Stat1 in IFN mediated sensitization to apoptosis, sub-lines of the U-266-1970 MM cell line with a stable expression of the active mutant Stat1C were utilized. The influence of Stat1C constitutive transcriptional activation on endogenous Stat3 expression and activation, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes were analyzed. To determine whether Stat1 alone would be an important determinant in sensitizing MM cells to apoptosis, the U-266-1970-Stat1C cell line and control cells were exposed to high throughput compound screening (HTS). Results: To explore the role of Stat1 in IFN mediated apoptosis sensitization of MM, we established sublines of the MM cell line U-266-1970 constitutively expressing the active mutant Stat1C. We found that constitutive nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of Stat1 was associated with an attenuation of IL-6-induced Stat3 activation and up-regulation of mRNA for the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family genes Harakiri, the short form of Mcl-1 and Noxa. However, Stat1 activation alone was not sufficient to sensitize cells to Fas-induced apoptosis. In a screening of > 3000 compounds including bortezomib, dexamethasone, etoposide, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), geldanamycin (17-AAG), doxorubicin and thalidomide, we found that the drug response and IC50 in cells constitutively expressing active Stat1 was mainly unaltered. Conclusion: We conclude that Stat1 alters IL-6 induced Stat3 activity and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. However, this shift alone is not sufficient to alter apoptosis sensitivity in MM cells, suggesting that Stat1 independent pathways are operative in IFN mediated apoptosis sensitization.

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  • 41. Ebarasi, Lwaki
    et al.
    Gaengel, Konstantin
    Majumdar, Arindam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Betsholtz, Christer
    Evidence for the presence of pericytes in the zebrafish2013In: Angiogenesis, ISSN 0969-6970, E-ISSN 1573-7209, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 273-273Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Edqvist, Per-Henrik D
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Niklasson, Mia
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Vidal-Sanz, Manuel
    Hallböök, Finn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience.
    Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Platelet-derived growth factor over-expression in retinal progenitors results in abnormal retinal vessel formation2012In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 7, no 8, p. e42488-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays an important role in development of the central nervous system, including the retina. Excessive PDGF signaling is associated with proliferative retinal disorders. We reported previously that transgenic mice in which PDGF-B was over-expressed under control of the nestin enhancer, nes/tk-PdgfB-lacZ, exhibited enhanced apoptosis in the developing corpus striatum. These animals display enlarged lateral ventricles after birth as well as behavioral aberrations as adults. Here, we report that in contrast to the relatively mild central nervous system phenotype, development of the retina is severely disturbed in nes/tk-PdgfB-lacZ mice.

    In transgenic retinas all nuclear layers were disorganized and photoreceptor segments failed to develop properly. Since astrocyte precursor cells did not populate the retina, retinal vascular progenitors could not form a network of vessels. With time, randomly distributed vessels resembling capillaries formed, but there were no large trunk vessels and the intraocular pressure was reduced. In addition, we observed a delayed regression of the hyaloid vasculature. The prolonged presence of this structure may contribute to the other abnormalities observed in the retina, including the defective lamination.

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  • 43.
    Elfineh, Lioudmila
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Classon, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular tools. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Asplund, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Pettersson, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Kamali-Moghaddam, Masood
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular tools. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lind, Sara Bergström
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Tyrosine phosphorylation profiling via in situ proximity ligation assay2014In: BMC Cancer, ISSN 1471-2407, E-ISSN 1471-2407, Vol. 14, p. 435-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) is an important cancer relevant posttranslational modification since it regulates protein activity and cellular localization. By controlling cell growth and differentiation it plays an important role in tumor development. This paper describes a novel approach for detection and visualization of a panel of pTyr proteins in tumors using in situ proximity ligation assay. Methods: K562 leukemia cells were treated with tyrosine kinase and/or phosphatase inhibitors to induce differences in pTyr levels and mimic cells with different malignant properties. Cells were then probed with one antibody against the pTyr modification and another probe against the detected protein, resulting in a detectable fluorescent signal once the probes were in proximity. Results: Total and protein specific pTyr levels on ABL, SHC, ERK2 and PI3K proteins were detected and samples of control and treated cells were distinguished at the pTyr level using this novel approach. Promising results were also detected for formalin fixed and paraffin embedded cells in the micro array format. Conclusions: This application of in situ proximity ligation assay is valuable in order to study the pTyr modification of a panel of proteins in large data sets to validate mass spectrometric data and to be combined with tissue microarrays. The approach offers new opportunities to reveal the pTyr signatures in cells of different malignant properties that can be used as biomarker of disease in the future.

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  • 44. Enoksson, Mattias
    et al.
    Möller-Westerberg, Christine
    Wicher, Grzegorz
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Fallon, Padraic G
    Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Lunderius-Andersson, Carolina
    Nilsson, Gunnar
    Intraperitoneal influx of neutrophils in response to IL-33 is mast cell-dependent2013In: Blood, ISSN 0006-4971, E-ISSN 1528-0020, Vol. 121, no 3, p. 530-536Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IL-33 is a recently discovered cytokine involved in induction of Th2 responses and functions as an alarmin. Despite numerous recent studies targeting IL-33, its role in vivo is incompletely understood. Here we investigated inflammatory responses to intraperitoneal IL-33 injections in wild-type and mast cell–deficient mice. We found that wild-type mice, but not mast cell–deficient Wsh/Wsh mice, respond to IL-33 treatment with neutrophil infiltration to the peritoneum, whereas other investigated cell types remained unchanged. In Wsh/Wsh mice, the IL-33–induced innate neutrophil response could be rescued by local reconstitution with wild-type but not with T1/ST2−/− mast cells, demonstrating a mast cell–dependent mechanism. Furthermore, we found this mechanism to be partially dependent on mast cell–derived TNF, as we observed reduced neutrophil infiltration in Wsh/Wsh mice reconstituted with TNF−/− bone marrow–derived mast cells compared with those reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow–derived mast cells. In agreement with our in vivo findings, we demonstrate that humanneutrophils migrate toward the supernatant of IL-33–treated human mast cells. Taken together, our findings reveal that IL-33 activates mast cells in vivo to recruit neutrophils, a mechanism dependent on IL-33R expression on peritoneal mast cells. Mast cells activated in vivo by IL-33 probably play an important role in inflammatory reactions.

  • 45.
    Femel, Julia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Huijbers, Elisabeth J. M.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Saupe, Falk
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Cedervall, Jessica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Zhang, Lei
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Dimberg, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Hellman, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chemical Biology.
    Progression of metastatic breast cancer can be attenuated by therapeutic vaccination against the tumor vascular marker ED-A2014In: Angiogenesis, ISSN 0969-6970, E-ISSN 1573-7209, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 769-769Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Ferletta, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Caglayan, Demet
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Lundin, Erika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Kastemar, Marianne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Westermark, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Induced Expression of Sox21 Inhibits Glioma Progression in Vivo by Stimulating Aberrant Differentiation2012In: European Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0959-8049, E-ISSN 1879-0852, Vol. 48, no S5, p. S95-S95Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Ferletta, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Caglayan, Demet
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Mokvist, Liza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Yiwen, Jiang
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Kastemar, Marianne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Uhrbom, Lene
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Westermark, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Forced expression of Sox21 inhibits Sox2 and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells2011In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 129, no 1, p. 45-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerous studies support a role for Sox2 to keep stem cells and progenitor cells in an immature and proliferative state. Coexpression of Sox2 and GFAP has been found in regions of the adult brain where neural stem cells are present and in human glioma cells. In our study, we have investigated the roles of Sox2 and its counteracting partner Sox21 in human glioma cells. We show for the first time that Sox21 is expressed in both primary glioblastoma and in human glioma cell lines. We found that coexpression of Sox2, GFAP and Sox21 was mutually exclusive with expression of fibronectin. Our result suggests that glioma consists of at least two different cell populations: Sox2+/GFAP+/Sox21+/FN- and Sox2-/GFAP-/Sox21-/FN1+. Reduction of Sox2 expression by using siRNA against Sox2 or by overexpressing Sox21 using a tetracyclineregulated expression system (Tet-on) caused decreased GFAP expression and a reduction in cell number due to induction of apoptosis. We suggest that Sox21 can negatively regulate Sox2 in glioma. Our findings imply that Sox2 and Sox21 may be interesting targets for the development of novel glioma therapy.

  • 48.
    Ferletta, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Grawé, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Hellmén, Eva
    Institutionen för anatomi och fysiologi, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.
    Canine mammary tumors contain cancer stem-like cells and form spheroids with an embryonic stem cell signature2011In: International Journal of Developmental Biology, ISSN 0214-6282, E-ISSN 1696-3547, Vol. 55, no 7-9, p. 791-799Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have investigated the presence of tentative stem-like cells in the canine mammary tumor cell line CMT-U229. This cell line is established from an atypical benign mixed mammary tumor, which has the property of forming duct-like structures in collagen gels. Stem cells in mammary glands are located in the epithelium; therefore we thought that the CMT-U229 cell line would be suitable for detection of tentative cancer stem-like cells. Side population (SP) analyses by flow cytometry were performed with cells that formed spheroids and with cells that did not. Flow cytometric, single sorted cells were expanded and re-cultured as spheroids. The spheroids were paraffin embedded and characterized by immunohistochemistry. SP analyses showed that spheroid forming cells (retenate) as well as single cells (filtrate) contained SP cells. Sca1 positive cells were single cell sorted and thereafter the SP population increased with repeated SP analyses. The SP cells were positively labeled with the cell surface-markers CD44 and CD49f (integrin alpha6); however the expression of CD24 was low or negative. The spheroids expressed the transcription factor and stem cell marker Sox2, as well as Oct4. Interestingly, only peripheral cells of the spheroids and single cells were positive for Oct4 expression. SP cells are suggested to correspond to stem cells and in this study, we have enriched for tentative tumor stem-like cells derived from a canine mammary tumor. All the used markers indicate that the studied CMT-U229 cell line contains SP cells, which in particular have cancer stem-like cell characteristics.

  • 49.
    Forsberg, Maud
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Holmborn, Katarina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Kundu, Soumi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Dagälv, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Kjellén, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Undersulfation of Heparan Sulfate Restricts Differentiation Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells2012In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 287, no 14, p. 10853-10862Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, present on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, interact with growth factors and morphogens to influence growth and differentiation of cells. The sulfation pattern of the heparan sulfate chains formed during biosynthesis in the Golgi compartment will determine the interaction potential of the proteoglycan. The glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (NDST) enzymes have a key role during biosynthesis, greatly influencing total sulfation of the heparan sulfate chains. The differentiation potential of mouse embryonic stem cells lacking both NDST1 and NDST2 was studied using in vitro differentiation protocols, expression of differentiation markers, and assessment of the ability of the cells to respond to growth factors. The results show that NDST1 and NDST2 are dispensable for mesodermal differentiation into osteoblasts but necessary for induction of adipocytes and neural cells. Gene expression analysis suggested a differentiation block at the primitive ectoderm stage. Also, GATA4, a primitive endoderm marker, was expressed by these cells. The addition of FGF4 or FGF2 together with heparin rescued the differentiation potential to neural progenitors and further to mature neurons and glia. Our results suggest that the embryonic stem cells lacking both NDST1 and NDST2, expressing a very low sulfated heparan sulfate, can take the initial step toward differentiation into all three germ layers. Except for their potential for mesodermal differentiation into osteoblasts, the cells are then arrested in a primitive ectoderm and/or endoderm stage.

  • 50. Gaengel, Konstantin
    et al.
    Niaudet, Colin
    Hagikura, Kazuhiro
    Siemsen, Barbara Lavina
    Muhl, Lars
    Hofmann, Jennifer J.
    Ebarasi, Lwaki
    Nystrom, Staffan
    Rymo, Simin
    Chen, Long Long
    Pang, Mei-Fong
    Jin, Yi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology.
    Raschperger, Elisabeth
    Roswall, Pernilla
    Schulte, Doerte
    Benedito, Rui
    Larsson, Jimmy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Hellström, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Fuxe, Jonas
    Uhlen, Per
    Adams, Ralf
    Jakobsson, Lars
    Majumdar, Arindam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology.
    Vestweber, Dietmar
    Uv, Anne
    Betsholtz, Christer
    The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor S1PR1 Restricts Sprouting Angiogenesis by Regulating the Interplay between VE-Cadherin and VEGFR22012In: Developmental Cell, ISSN 1534-5807, E-ISSN 1878-1551, Vol. 23, no 3, p. 587-599Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels arise from preexisting ones, is critical for embryonic development and is an integral part of many disease processes. Recent studies have provided detailed information on how angiogenic sprouts initiate, elongate, and branch, but less is known about how these processes cease. Here, we show that S1PR1, a receptor for the blood-borne bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is critical for inhibition of angiogenesis and acquisition of vascular stability. Loss of S1PR1 leads to increased endothelial cell sprouting and the formation of ectopic vessel branches. Conversely, S1PR1 signaling inhibits angiogenic sprouting and enhances cell-to-cell adhesion. This correlates with inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-induced signaling and stabilization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin localization at endothelial junctions. Our data suggest that S1PR1 signaling acts as a vascular-intrinsic stabilization mechanism, protecting developing blood vessels against aberrant angiogenic responses.

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